Botanic name: Gymnema
sylvestre R. Br. - fam. Asclepiadacee
Used parts: leaves
Synonymous: Periploca of the woods, Small indian ipecacuanha;
Other names: it. gimnema; ted.-Wald Schlinge; arabo-Barkista; Hindu-Gurmar; Persiano-Kakrasingi; sanscrito-Ajaballi
It is an arboreal climber, very branched, that climbs untill the top of big trees in the woods of India, Ceylon and tropical Africa. The leaves are opposed, oval or ellittic, petiolate, more or less pubescent on both sides. The flowers, yellow bell-shaped, are grouped in raceme pedunculate or almost sessile. Leaves have a bitter and sour flavour. Follow ing Ayurvedic medicine, they prevent and heal eyes diseases linked to opacification of crystalline lens, cornea, vitreous body ( cataract etc.), and are a good remedy against heart diseases and hemorroids.
Among the inhabitants of Bombay and Gujarat there was the use of chewing fresh leaves to reduce glycosuria(Madhumeha): the belief in the effectiveness of this remedy was so deep that also today many dibetics grow that plant in their garden. In Hindu language it is called Gurmar= the one which eliminates sugars.
The active principle of Gymnema is gimnemic acid that carries on a hypoglicemic through two main mechanisms :
1) inhibition of sugars ( sacchorose) at a bowel level ;
2) increased metabolic trasformation of glucose at a cellular level.
1) The researches made in Japan by dr. Hatai, in USA by dr. Faull have shown that gymnemic ACID has a molecule similar but bigger than that of sugar. Then it binds itself to intestinal receptor assigned to the absorption of saccharose stopping them. This block is estabilished rapidily and remains for many hours in particular if the dosing is repeated during the day, PREVENTING THE ABSORPTION OF SUGARS FOR 50%. The same link is estabilished with taste buds. Indeed, putting a small quantity of Periploca of the woods on the tongue, in few seconds the feeling of sweet and bitter is cancelled ( feeling of salty, acid and metallic is unaltered)
2)The assumption of Gymnema normalize polisaccharide, esuronic acid, esosammine, sialic acid, glycosamminoglicani, hyaluronic acid values bound to proteins. Those values increase in case of hyperglycemia ( alimentar or diabetic). Those substances are responsible for the great part of dangerous effects of diabetes and of a hyperalimentation based on sugars: cardiovascular complications, opacification of cornea and crystalline lens etc.
This normalization is linked to an INCREASED AVAILABILITY OF INSULINE, THAT ADRESSES GLUCOSE IN THE PROPER METABOLIC WAY BURNING IT TO PRODUCE ENERGY.
Datco G.P., Long L.J.:
Gymnemic acid, the antisaccharin principle of Gymnema sylvestre
leaves, Program abstract, 161st National American Chemical
Society Meeting, 1971
Faull J.R., Halpern B.P.: Reduction of Sucrose Preference in
the Hamster
by Gymnemic Acid, Physiol. Behav., vol. 7, 1971
Rathi. A.N., Visvanathan A., Shanmugasundaram K.R.: Studies
on Protein-bound Polysaccharide Components &
Glycosaminoglycans in Experimental Diabetes -
Effect of Gymnema sylvestre R.
Br., Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 19, 1981
Kirtikar K.R., Basu B.D.: Indian Medicinal Plants,vol. III,
Reprint 1987
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